高一英语必修三Unit 4单元巩固练习

一、阅读理解：

A

Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200years ago. He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.

However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton. Who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse.

Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientist. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607 and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.

This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.

It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.

In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet been called Halley’s comet, in his honor.

1. Halley made his discovery ______.

A. by doing experiments B. by means of his own careful observation

C. by using the work of other scientists D. by chance

2. Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year ________.

A. 1704 B. 1705 C. 1706 D. 1707

3. This text in general is about _______.

A. Halley and other scientists B. the orbit of a comet

C. Newton and Halley D. Halley and Halley

4. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Edmund Halley was an American scientist.

B. Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.

C. Isaac Newton was a famous mathematician.

D. The orbit of a comet had the shape of an around.

B

The astronauts working on the International Space Station，the ISS，have started their zero-gravity preview of the World Cup match on Thursday，June 26，between the United States and Germany．
NASA astronauts Steve Swanson and Reid Wiseman and European astronaut Alexander Gerst，called out from Germany，showed off their moves in a soccer exhibition aboard the orbiting lab recently．An American video released today shows th eir performing space bicycle kicks，headers and，as players tend to do here on the earth，celebrating happily after scoring goals．
NASA’s humanoid （仿真） robot Robonaut 2，which is designed to help astronauts perform，even gets into the spirit，wavin g its arms this way and that．
The weightless action tells a key World Cup game on Thursday in Brazil featuring the two teams currently at the top of the match’s so-called”group of Death”．
The winner will win the group and move on to the single-elimination （淘汰）”knockout stage”of the World Cup，while the loser may go home，depending on what happens in Thursday’s game between Ghana and Portugal，the other two teams in the group．Two teams from the group will advance．If the U．S．and Germany tie，they both will move on to the next stage．
Swanson，Wiseman and Gerst are obviously fond of the World Cup．The three space-flyers also played micro-gravity （微重力） soccer in another video that NASA posted on June 11，the day before the World Cup kicked off．
“We want to wish all the teams and fans on the ground and in Brazil a great World Cup，”Gerst said in that video，”Have fun and have peaceful games．May the best win”．The three astronauts make up half of the space station’s current Expedition 40．The other three crew members are Russian cosmonauts Alexander Skvortsov，Oleg Artemyev and Maxim Suraev．
5．How many astronauts are working on the ISS？

A．Three． B．Five． C．Six． D．Nine．
6．The”two teams”in Paragraph 4 refers to______________．
A．Brazil and the USA                     B．Brazil and Germany
C．Ghana and Portugal                     D．Germany and America
7．Which of the following expressions is mostly related to the soccer game？

A．Kick off        B．Move on           C．Show off       D．Make up
8．There has been a weightless world cup in the ISS because_____________．
A．astronauts love to play football in their ISS
B．astronauts are concerned about the World Cup
C．Astronauts are asked to play a weightless game
D．astronauts are curious about a weightless match．

C

An 82-year-old Chinese female pilot has set a record in the country’s airline industry (航空业) after flying a small plane for 40 minutes in Beijing. Miao Xiaohong, one of China’s second batch (一批) of female pilots, controlled the Tecnam P2010 plane to take off, turn, climb, dive and land safely at the Shifosi Airport in Pinggu District of Bejjing.

In 1956, Miao Xiaohong, who graduated from a high school in Jinan, won a position in the second batch. She graduated from the flight school in 1958. In the following years, she flew many important missions (任务). In 1963, she accepted a mission to airdrop materials for the flood-stricken areas in Hebei Province. Poor visibility (能见度) prevented her locating the target areas as the clouds were about 100 meters above the ground, but she managed to finish the task.

In 1989, she retired and started her writing carer. When she collected materials for her books, she found that many aged pilots in other countries still flew, so she had the idea to return to the sky. To prepare for the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and moved her arms to meet the requirements for high-altitude flight during the past two months. Different from past flights for missions, this time her goal was to enjoy the flight. She said that it was exciting and fresh. “Seeing the boundless blue sky unfold in front of me, I feel it is very open,” she said.

The trainer said that Miao Xiaohong could finish 30 hours of flight to get a license for commercial flight. She said, “My physical condition is good enough to finish the 30-hour flight but it is not so important for me to get such a license. After achieving my dream of returning to the sky, I hope to encourage young women to join the airline industry. I’m 82 years old and I can fly again. You, the young people, can fly and will fly better than me.”

9．What can we learn from the airdrop mission carried out by Miao Xiaohong?

A．She was a very lucky pilot. B．She had excellent flying skills.

C．She suffered from poor eyesight. D．She always finished hard tasks.

10．What made Miao Xiaohong have the idea of flying a plane at the age of 82?

A．Her deep love for sky. B．Her wish to set a flying record.

C．The influence of other aged pilots. D．The requirements of her books.

11．Which of the following word can best describe Miao Xiaohong?

A．Faithful. B．Stubborn. C．Generous. D．Determined.

12．What might be the best title for the passage?

A．Returning to the Blue Sky B．Improving Your Flight Skills

C．Managing to Finish Difficult Tasks D．Improving Yourself to Set a Record

D

Chinese astronauts conducted a science lecture to millions of students on Dec. 9, 2021 from the Tiangong space station. The three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, showed life in space and conducted experiments in microgravity.

It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China ’s first extraterrestrial (地球外的) lecture series. Its goal is to popularize space science.

“The laboratory of the space station has many conditions that the Earth laboratory does not have, such as the environment of weightlessness and radiation, ” said Wen Xin, a professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He said that important jobs for astronauts in the space station include cell observation and maintaining plant life.

In the lecture, Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in a weightless environment. He compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing principles in space.

Another experiment in the space lecture was shown by Wang Yaping. She illustrated how a paper flower “bloomed” on the surface of water in Tiangong space station. She explained that the surface tension of water is magnified (放大) in space due to zero gravity.

One of the examples of surface tension on Earth is that some insects can “walk” on water. They use surface tension to “stand” instead of falling through water.

Surface tension plays a key role in product development. Researchers around the world are measuring surface tension to improve the quality of their products, according to Biolin Scientific, a science company. Paints are tailored to stick better on the surfaces they are applied to. Surface tension also has impacts in drug development.

Although the astronauts are thousands of miles away, their research does influence our life. Shi Yi, a teacher at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, told China Daily that the space lecture was “an eye-opening experience that would arouse students’ interest in science”.

13．What makes the space laboratory special?

A．It is operated by a professor.

B．It has a unique experiment environment.

C．It broadcasts experiments to students.

D．It promotes cell growth.

14．What can we learn through Ye’s cell experiment in space?

A．The rules of cell growth. B．The secret in a weightless environment.

C．The conditions of cell growth. D．The differences between the universe and the earth.

15．What can we say about surface tension?

A．It can speed up flower blooming. B．It is related to product quality.

C．Paints have an influence on it. D．Drugs are used to measure it.

16．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Special Laboratory Environments B．Examples of Surface Tension

C．Learning from Space D．Lectures about Cells

二、短文七选五：

How is eating in space different from eating on Earth?

If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it? Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.

First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养).___1___ .Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.

____2____.If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.

The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. ____3_____.A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.

____4____.The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. ____5____.Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.

Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.

A. Taste is also important.

B. Finally, weight is an important concern.

C. Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.

D. Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.

E. Nutrition and practicality (实用) are important things to consider.

F. For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.

G. Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.

三、完形填空：

Tom came from France. It was his first visit to England, and he was looking forward to his first journey on London’s Underground Railway. And against his friends’ ___1___, he was determined to travel___2___.  

He entered the station shortly after five o’clock in the afternoon. This is a___3___time to travel in London, ___4___crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He___5___to join a long line of people waiting for tickets. When at last his ___6___came, he had some difficulty in making himself understood by the ticket seller. ___7___, he got the right ticket in the end and by asking people the way, he also found the right platform (月台). It was___8___with people.  

Unfortunately, he did not___9___to get on the first train, but he was able to move nearer to the platform so as to be in a better____10____to get on the next one. When this train came in, Tom was ____11____forward onto the train by the push of people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off. He was unable to see the____12____of the stations where the train____13____but he knew that the station he wanted was the sixth stop along the line. When the train reached the sixth station, Tom got off, feeling ____14____that his journey had been so easy. But he suddenly realized that he had come to a station he had never____15____. He explained his trouble to a man who was standing on the platform. With a smile on his face, he told Tom that he had caught a train going in the opposite(相反的) direction.

1. A. thought B. advice C. relation D. favour

2. A. along B. abroad C. alone D. away

3. A. short B. terrible C. possible D. certain

4. A. but B. and C. so D. because

5. A. planned B. hoped C. expected D. had

6. A. turn B. time C. chance D. luck

7. A. Besides B. Instead C. However D. Hopefully

8. A. seized B. caught C. covered D. crowded

9. A. agree B. try C. manage D. expect

10. A. position B. state C. situation D. seat

11. A. swept B. fought C. took D. brought

12. A. signs B. names C. points D. numbers

13. A. left B. moved C. started D. stopped

14. A. sick B. pleased C. sorry D. tired

15. A. talked about        B. heard of                C. thought of        D. arrived at

四、语法填空：

What will it be like to live on the moon? Volunteers  1   (live)in Yuegong1,a closed lab 2    imitates a moonlike environment at Beihang University in Beijing, might be able to answer this question.

In January, four volunteers finished spending 200 days in the lab.Never3    any person stayed in a closed lab for such a long period of time before the volunteers had their try. It was tough for the volunteers to have both body and mind4    (adjust)to the environment in the closed lab.5    their credits, the volunteers set a world record for the6    (long)stay in a closed lab.

Life in Yuegong1 is busy. Volunteers get up at 8:30 am and go to bed at 11 pm. Growing food7    (be)their daily routine. There are more than 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit for them to grow and eat. Volunteers need to record their body temperature,blood8    (press)and mental state every day. Scientists outside the lab use these data9    (monitor)their health.

The experiment will give scientists information that can be used to create better living areas for  10     (astronaut)in space, the Xinhua News Agency reported.

五、书面表达：

第一节: 假设你是李华，举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险的意义。请结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇文章，客观地介绍班会上同学们讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。

赞同的理由：1. 获得新知识：2.从太空取得新资源；3. 扩大人类未来的生存空间。

反对的理由：1. 耗资巨大，2.宇航员的安全问题。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Outer Space Explorations,YES or NO？

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

第二节

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

That night, I quarreled with my mother, then stormed out of the house. While on the road, I remembered that I did not have any money in my pocket, I did not even take my cell phone with me to make a call home.

$At the same time, I went through a noodle shop, and I suddenly felt very hungry. I wished for a bowl of noodles, but I had no money!

The seller saw me standing before the counter and asked, “Hey little girl, you want to eat a bowl?”

“But … but I do not carry money …” I shyly replied.

“Okay, I’ll treat you.” the seller said, “come in, I will cook you a bowl.”

A few minutes later the owner brought me a steaming bowl of noodles. After eating some pieces, I cried.

“What is it?” He asked.

“Nothing. I am just touched by your kindness!” I said as I wiped my tears. “Even a stranger on the street gives me a bowl of noodles, and my mother, after a quarrel, chased me out of the house. She is cruel (残忍的)!!”

The seller sighed, “Girl, why did you think so? Think again. I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you felt that way. Your mother has been taking care of you since you were little, why were you not grateful and why did you hurt your mom?”

I was really surprised after hearing that.

Why did I not think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, and my mother has raised me since I was little and I have never felt so, not even a little.

注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

Paragraph 1:

Just at that moment, many memories came back into my mind.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

When arriving home, I saw my mother sitting at the dinner table, worried and tired.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

一、阅读理解：

CBDC     CDAB     BCDA     BABC

二、短文七选五：

FAGCD

三、完形填空：

BCBDD     ACDCA     ABDBB

四、语法填空：

1. living  2. which/that   3. had    4. adjusted    5. To     

6. longest  7. is   8.pressure    9. to monitor  10. astronauts

五、书面表达：

略